一位 40 歲女性有家族乳癌病史。下列哪項篩檢建議最為適當？
A 40-year-old female client has a family history of breast cancer. Which screening guideline is most appropriate?
- AAnnual clinical breast exam and mammogram starting earlier than age 50✓ 正解年滿 50 歲前開始每年進行臨床乳房檢查與乳房攝影
- BMonthly breast self-exams are the only necessary screening每月乳房自我檢查是唯一必要的篩檢
- CBaseline MRI at age 2020 歲時進行基線磁振造影
- DMammograms every 3 years starting at age 50年滿 50 歲起每三年進行一次乳房攝影
對於有家族乳癌病史的高危險群，篩檢策略必須比一般族群更為積極。一般建議應早於家族成員發病年齡前 5-10 年開始進行篩檢，或從 40 歲起即應開始進行年度乳房攝影（Mammogram）與臨床乳房檢查。這能早期偵測病灶，提高預後。僅依賴自我檢查（BSE）無法取代影像學診斷，且 baseline MRI 需視基因檢測結果而定，非所有高風險者均適用。
For high-risk individuals with a family history of breast cancer, screening strategies must be more aggressive than for the general population. The general recommendation is to begin screening 5-10 years earlier than the age at which the affected family member was diagnosed, or to start annual mammography and clinical breast examination from age 40. This allows early detection of lesions and improves prognosis. Self-examination (BSE) alone cannot replace imaging diagnostics, and a baseline MRI depends on genetic testing results and is not appropriate for all high-risk women.