護理師應推薦 40 歲病人採取哪項健康促進措施？
Which health promotion measure should the nurse recommend to a 40-year-old client?
- AStart weekly screening for prostate cancer開始每週進行前列腺癌篩檢
- BRoutine hearing screening例行聽力篩檢
- CBegin screening for colon cancer✓ 正解開始進行大腸癌篩檢
- DSchedule a shingles vaccine安排施打帶狀皰疹疫苗
對 40 歲一般風險成人的健康促進，現有選項皆非完美匹配（USPSTF 一般建議 BMI 評估、運動衛教、戒菸、酒精篩檢等）。在現有選項中，C 為最相關方向：USPSTF/ACS 2024 建議 45 歲開始大腸癌篩檢，但對 40 歲應「討論篩檢起始時機」與評估個人風險（家族史、症狀、種族）作為健康促進的一環。其他選項：D 帶狀皰疹疫苗 50 歲開始；C 攝護腺癌篩檢屬於 50 歲以後的醫病共享決策；D 例行聽力篩檢屬於老年人健康維護。實務上 40 歲的健康促進應更聚焦於生活型態（運動、飲食、戒菸）與心血管風險評估。
For health promotion in an average-risk 40-year-old adult, none of the available options is a perfect fit (USPSTF generally recommends BMI assessment, exercise counseling, smoking cessation, alcohol screening, and so on). Among the choices given, option C is the most relevant direction: the USPSTF/ACS 2024 recommendations advise that routine colorectal cancer screening begin at age 45, but at age 40 a discussion of screening initiation timing and individual risk assessment (family history, symptoms, ethnicity) is appropriate as part of health promotion. The other options: the shingles vaccine (D) is recommended from age 50; prostate cancer screening (A) is a shared decision-making issue typically beginning at age 50; and routine hearing screening (B) is part of geriatric health maintenance. In practice, health promotion at age 40 should focus more on lifestyle (exercise, diet, smoking cessation) and cardiovascular risk assessment.
美國醫學界對篩檢年齡不斷更新，台灣成人健檢則對特定篩檢有明確健保給付年齡（如 45-74 歲糞便潛血檢查）。