— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
針對使用病人自控式止痛(PCA)的病人,下列哪些評估結果顯示嗎啡類藥物過量?(選所有適合的)
Which assessment findings are indicative of opioid overdose in a client receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)? (Select all that apply.)
- ARespiratory rate of 8 breaths/min✓ 正解呼吸頻率 8 次/分
- BPinpoint pupils✓ 正解針尖樣瞳孔
- CIncreased blood pressure血壓升高
- DSedation scale of 4✓ 正解鎮靜量表分數 4
- EUrinary frequency頻尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鴉片類藥物過量的典型三聯徵為:呼吸抑制(小於 10 次/分)、瞳孔縮小如針狀、以及重度鎮靜(意識不清)。選項 C 的血壓通常隨呼吸抑制而下降或因代謝性酸中毒而變化;選項 E 是錯誤的,鴉片類藥物常造成尿滯留而非頻尿。
Opioid overdose is characterized by the classic triad of respiratory depression (rate less than 10 breaths/min), pinpoint pupils, and excessive sedation. These findings indicate severe central nervous system and respiratory compromise, whereas hypertension and urinary frequency are not typical signs of opioid toxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 PCA 設定由醫師醫囑,護理師監測頻率嚴格(常有專屬鎮靜監測表);台灣程序類似,但可能缺乏自動呼吸偵測系統。