— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
哪些因素會增加長者的自殺風險？（選所有適合的）
Which factors contribute to the risk of suicide in the elderly? (Select all that apply.)
- AChronic, incurable illness✓ 正解慢性、無法治癒的疾病
- BLoss of social roles and retirement✓ 正解社會角色喪失與退休
- CSocial isolation and loneliness✓ 正解社交孤立與孤獨
- DRecent death of a spouse✓ 正解配偶近期過世
- EHigh self-esteem and independence高自尊與獨立性
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老年人的自殺風險因子（Risk factors for suicide）多與「喪失（Loss）」相關。隨著年齡增長，長者面臨慢性疾病的折磨、退休導致的社會角色喪失、配偶或好友的離世，以及因身體機能下降導致的社會隔離（Social isolation）。這些因素共同加劇了孤獨感與無望感。選項E（高自尊與獨立）通常是保護因子（Protective factors），而非風險因子。護理師在老年護理中需特別警覺上述指標，並評估是否有憂鬱傾向。
Suicide risk in the elderly is significantly increased by factors involving loss, such as chronic incurable illness, retirement-related role loss, social isolation, and bereavement. These stressors contribute to feelings of hopelessness and depression, whereas high self-esteem and independence serve as protective factors rather than risks.