— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位有氣喘病史的病人,急性發作時應準備給予何種藥物?
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of asthma. Which medication should the nurse be prepared to administer during an acute attack?
- AMontelukastMontelukast(語境:白三烯素抑制劑為保養藥物,無法緩解急性呼吸困難。)
- BSalmeterolSalmeterol(語境:長效型藥物藥效發作慢,不可用於急性救急。)
- CFluticasoneFluticasone(語境:類固醇需長期使用才具抗發炎效果,急性期無效。)
- DAlbuterol✓ 正解Albuterol(語境:短效擴張劑能迅速緩解支氣管痙攣,為急性發作首選。)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Albuterol 是一種短效型 β2-受體致效劑(SABA),具有快速舒張支氣管作用,是氣喘急性發作時的首選急救藥物。Salmeterol 為長效型,Fluticasone 為類固醇吸入劑,Montelukast 為口服白三烯素抑制劑,皆用於日常保養而非急性緩解。
Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that provides rapid bronchodilation, making it the first-line medication for relieving acute asthma attacks. Other options like montelukast, salmeterol, and fluticasone are used for long-term maintenance and control rather than immediate symptom relief.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地治療準則一致,均遵循 GINA 指引,優先給予 SABA 緩解症狀。