— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對一位慢性病病人進行靈性評估。下列哪些問題是合適的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a spiritual assessment on a client with a chronic illness. Which questions are appropriate to include? (Select all that apply.)
- AWhat gives your life meaning or hope?✓ 正解什麼賦予你生命的意義或希望？
- BAre there any religious practices that are important to you?✓ 正解是否有任何對你重要的宗教實踐？
- CDo you believe in a specific god or higher power?✓ 正解你是否相信特定的神或更高力量？
- DWhy don't you attend church services regularly?你為什麼不規律參加教會聚會？
- EHow does your faith influence your healthcare decisions?✓ 正解你的信仰如何影響你的醫療決策？
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靈性評估應聚焦於病人的價值觀、希望來源、宗教實踐及其與醫療決策的關係。合適的問題應是開放式且不具批判性的（如 A, B, E）。詢問對神或更高力量的信仰（C）也是評估的一部分。選項 D 帶有評判意味且使用了「Why」，容易引發病人的防禦心理，不屬於治療性溝通技巧。
Appropriate spiritual assessment questions are open-ended and non-judgmental, focusing on sources of meaning, hope, religious practices, and how faith influences healthcare decisions. Questions using 'why' can sound accusatory and defensive, so nurses should avoid them. Assessing beliefs in a higher power helps understand the client's spiritual framework and supports holistic care.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國評估工具如 FICA 常被使用；台灣臨床則常將靈性與宗教混淆，且護理師較少接受結構化的靈性評估訓練。