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藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師給予病人萬古黴素時,病人突然出現臉部、頸部及上胸部潮紅。護理師應優先採取什麼行動?

A nurse is administering a dose of vancomycin to a client. The client suddenly develops flushing on the face, neck, and upper chest. What should the nurse do first?

  • ASlow the infusion rate✓ 正解
    減慢輸注速度
  • BIncrease the IV fluid rate
    增加靜脈輸液速度
  • CAdminister an antihistamine
    給予抗組織胺
  • DStop the infusion immediately
    立即停止輸注
Explanation · 中文詳解

萬古黴素(Vancomycin)輸注過快常導致紅人症候群(Red Man Syndrome),表現為臉、頸、上胸部的紅斑、搔癢及低血壓。這是組胺(Histamine)非免疫性釋放引起的反應,而非真正的過敏(Anaphylaxis)。處置原則為減慢輸注速度(通常減半),若症狀緩解則可繼續輸注。若出現過敏性休克徵兆(如呼吸困難、喉頭水腫),則需立即停藥並通知醫師。

The client is experiencing Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion, rather than a true allergic response. The nurse's first action is to slow the infusion rate, which typically resolves the flushing and discomfort without requiring immediate discontinuation of the medication.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國醫院通常要求萬古黴素輸注時間至少 60-90 分鐘(視劑量而定),並常由藥劑師監控輸注速度與濃度。護理師在給藥前確認導管路徑(如使用 PICC 或中心線)也是關鍵。

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