— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些藥物屬於保鉀利尿劑？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following medications are classified as potassium-sparing diuretics? (Select all that apply.)
- ASpironolactone✓ 正解Spironolactone（螺內酯）
- BFurosemideFurosemide（呋塞米）
- CTriamterene✓ 正解Triamterene（氨苯蝶啶）
- DHydrochlorothiazideHydrochlorothiazide（氫氯噻嗪）
- EAmiloride✓ 正解Amiloride（阿米洛利）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
保鉀利尿劑（如 Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride）作用於集尿管，抑制醛固酮或直接阻斷鈉通道，藉此排出鈉水但保留鉀離子。Furosemide 為環利尿劑，Hydrochlorothiazide 為噻嗪類利尿劑，兩者均會導致鉀離子流失。使用保鉀利尿劑需監測高血鉀風險。
Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, triamterene, and amiloride, act on the collecting ducts to inhibit aldosterone or block sodium channels, thereby promoting sodium and water excretion while retaining potassium. In contrast, loop diuretics like furosemide and thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide typically cause potassium wasting. Nurses must monitor clients for the risk of hyperkalemia when administering these medications.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣慢性心衰竭患者常併用保鉀利尿劑以減少低血鉀，藥物名稱與學名通用。