— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師評估一名罹患抗利尿激素分泌失調症候群（SIADH）的病人，下列何者為預期發現？
A nurse is assessing a client with SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone). Which assessment finding is expected?
- ADilute urine稀釋尿液
- BSerum hypoosmolality✓ 正解血清低滲透壓
- CWeight loss體重減輕
- DHypernatremia高血鈉
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
抗利尿激素分泌失調症候群（SIADH）的核心機轉是 ADH 分泌過多，導致腎臟集尿管對水分的再吸收增加，造成體內水分滯留。這會導致細胞外液擴張，引起「稀釋性低血鈉（Dilutional Hyponatremia）」。由於血液被水分稀釋，血清滲透壓（Serum Osmolality）會下降。尿液因水分被大量重吸收而變為濃縮且滲透壓升高。臨床評估重點在於偵測水分過載（Fluid Overload）跡象。
SIADH causes excessive water retention, leading to fluid overload and dilutional hyponatremia. This results in serum hypoosmolality, while the urine becomes concentrated due to increased water reabsorption by the kidneys.