— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
一位 COPD 病人出院，護理師應包含哪些指導？（選所有適合的）
A client with COPD is being discharged. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform pursed-lip breathing✓ 正解執行縮唇呼吸
- BQuit smoking✓ 正解戒菸
- CIncrease oxygen flow if feeling short of breath感覺呼吸困難時增加氧氣流量
- DGet an annual influenza vaccination✓ 正解接種年度流感疫苗
- EEat small, frequent meals✓ 正解少量多餐
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
COPD 病人需透過噘嘴式呼吸（Pursed-lip breathing）延長呼氣時間。戒菸是防止惡化的關鍵。每年接種疫苗防止併發感染。因呼吸費力，少量多餐可減少橫膈壓迫。禁止自行增加氧氣流量，以免抑制呼吸中樞。
Pursed-lip breathing prolongs exhalation to prevent air trapping, while quitting smoking is essential to halt disease progression. Annual influenza vaccinations help prevent respiratory infections that could trigger exacerbations. Additionally, eating small, frequent meals reduces abdominal pressure on the diaphragm, easing breathing effort.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國推行結構化的 COPD 自我管理教育計畫；台灣則依賴胸腔科門診衛教。