— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病人診斷為甲狀腺功能低下,常見處方何種藥物?
A client has a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Which medication is commonly prescribed?
- ALevothyroxine✓ 正解左旋甲状腺素
- BPropylthiouracil (PTU)丙硫氧嘧啶 (PTU)
- CMethimazole甲巯咪唑
- DPropranolol普萘洛爾
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
甲狀腺功能低下(Hypothyroidism)的病理生理機轉為甲狀腺素(T3/T4)分泌不足,導致代謝率下降。Levothyroxine 為合成的 T4,在體內會轉化為 T3 以補充生理需求,是治療的首選藥物(Replacement Therapy)。臨床護理重點在於監測心跳過快、心悸或焦慮等藥物過量症狀,並教導病人需終身服藥。
Levothyroxine is the standard replacement therapy for hypothyroidism, as it provides synthetic T4 to compensate for insufficient thyroid hormone production. Other options like propylthiouracil and methimazole are used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing hormone synthesis, while propranolol manages symptoms of excess thyroid activity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床多以 Levothyroxine 作為標準處方,護理師需特別提醒病人於早晨空腹服用,以避免食物影響吸收。台灣臨床做法與此一致,但需注意品牌藥(如 Euthyrox)與學名藥間的生物利用度差異,更換廠牌時需監測 TSH 值。