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降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師準備為病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀,下列哪項措施能確保用藥安全?

A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client. Which action should the nurse take to ensure client safety?

  • ADilute the medication in 50 mL of D5W
    將藥物稀釋於 50 mL 的 5% 葡萄糖水中
  • BAdminister the potassium as an IV bolus
    以靜脈推注方式給予氯化鉀
  • CAdminister the medication through a small-bore peripheral line
    通過小管徑周邊靜脈通路給予藥物
  • DVerify the concentration and infusion rate✓ 正解
    核對濃度與輸注速率
Explanation · 中文詳解

氯化鉀(KCl)屬於高警訊藥物(High-Alert Medication),具有嚴重的組織腐蝕性與心臟毒性。靜脈輸注時,必須嚴格控管濃度與滴速,以避免發生血栓性靜脈炎、組織壞死或致命性心律不整。NCLEX 考試重點在於「安全給藥」,護理師必須確認醫囑中的濃度是否符合單位標準(例如:周邊靜脈通常不超過 10 mEq/100 mL),並確保使用輸注幫浦(Infusion Pump)精確給藥。任何濃度或速率的錯誤都可能導致病人死亡,因此確認醫囑是給藥安全的核心步驟。

Verifying the concentration and infusion rate is essential because intravenous potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that can cause cardiac arrest if administered incorrectly. Potassium must be properly diluted and delivered via an infusion pump to prevent tissue damage and arrhythmias. Bolus administration is strictly prohibited, and ensuring the correct protocol is followed safeguards the client from lethal errors.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國臨床實務中,對於鉀離子輸注的規範極為嚴格,通常必須經由中央靜脈導管(CVC)給予,且醫院政策常規定必須由兩位護理師核對(Double-check)。

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