— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導孕婦應避免攝取的食物。哪些因含有李斯特菌風險應排除？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a group of pregnant women about foods to avoid. Which items should be excluded from their diet due to the risk of Listeria? (Select all that apply.)
- AUnpasteurized soft cheeses✓ 正解未殺菌的軟質起司
- BDeli meats (unless heated to steaming)✓ 正解熟食肉類（除非加熱至冒煙）
- CSmoked seafood✓ 正解燻製海鮮
- DWell-cooked beef steak全熟的牛肉牛排
- ECommercially prepared mayonnaise商業製作的蛋黃醬
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
李斯特菌（Listeria）易生長於冷藏食品中。未經巴氏消毒的軟乳酪、冷處理的熟食肉品（Deli meat）與冷燻海鮮皆屬高風險。D（全熟牛排）透過高溫已殺菌；E（商業美乃滋）通常使用巴氏消毒蛋，安全性相對較高。
Listeria monocytogenes can grow at refrigeration temperatures, making unpasteurized soft cheeses, cold deli meats, and smoked seafood high-risk foods for pregnant women. These items should be avoided or thoroughly heated to steaming to ensure safety. Well-cooked meats and commercially prepared mayonnaise are generally safe as they do not harbor the bacteria under proper preparation conditions.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 FDA 對孕婦衛教明確禁止這些食品；台灣衛教趨勢亦逐漸與國際接軌。