— 降低風險 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師教導病人關於鋰鹽（Lithium）的治療。下列哪項資訊對安全至關重要？
A nurse is teaching a client about lithium therapy. Which information is essential for safety?
- AStop the medication if you feel shaky若感到手抖請停止用藥
- BAvoid drinking water throughout the day整天避免喝水
- CIncrease sodium intake significantly顯著增加鈉攝取
- DMaintain a consistent sodium intake✓ 正解保持穩定的鈉攝取量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鋰鹽（Lithium）的治療指數極窄，且其排泄與鈉離子密切相關。鈉與鋰在腎小管競爭再吸收，若鈉攝取量不足，腎臟會增加鋰的再吸收，導致鋰中毒；若鈉攝取量波動大，鋰濃度也會隨之大幅波動。因此，病人必須保持穩定且充足的鈉攝取與水分補充，以維持血鋰濃度在治療範圍內。自行停藥會導致躁鬱症狀復發，出現顫抖等中毒症狀時應立即就醫，而非自行調整藥物。
Clients taking lithium must maintain a consistent sodium intake because sodium competes with lithium for reabsorption in the kidneys. Significant fluctuations in sodium levels can cause dangerous variations in serum lithium concentrations, leading to toxicity or therapeutic failure. Adequate hydration is also essential, but abrupt medication changes or extreme dietary shifts should be avoided.