護理師照護一位放置胸管的病人，在水封瓶（water seal chamber）評估時，應預期觀察到哪些情況？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube. Which findings are expected during the assessment of the water seal chamber? (Select all that apply.)
- AFluctuation of the water level with respiration✓ 正解水位隨呼吸波動
- BContinuous bubbling in the water seal水封瓶內持續冒泡
- CAbsence of drainage無引流液
- DWater level rising during inspiration✓ 正解吸氣時水位上升
- EThe water level remains at the designated level✓ 正解水位維持在指定高度
胸管系統的護理重點在於維持胸膜腔的負壓並監測空氣洩漏。水封瓶（water seal chamber）利用水柱作為單向閥，防止空氣回流至胸腔。正常運作時，隨呼吸運動會有潮汐現象（fluctuation），且液面應維持在設定高度。若出現持續冒泡，則代表系統存在空氣洩漏，需立即檢查管路密合度或評估病人是否有氣胸未緩解。
Normal function of a water seal chamber includes tidaling, where the water level fluctuates with respiration, rising during inspiration due to negative intrapleural pressure. The water level should generally remain at the designated mark to maintain the seal. Continuous bubbling is abnormal and indicates an air leak, whereas absence of drainage varies based on the client's condition.
在美國臨床，護理師需熟悉各種不同品牌的胸腔引流系統（如 Pleurovac），部分系統設計為乾式（dry suction），其水封機制與傳統水封瓶略有不同，需根據具體設備說明書操作。