— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 10 歲兒童入院接受手術。下列哪項護理措施最能支持兒童的心理完整性？
A 10-year-old child is hospitalized for surgery. Which of the following best supports the child's psychosocial integrity?
- AEncouraging the child to regress to younger play habits鼓勵兒童退行至較年幼的遊戲習慣
- BProviding medical explanations in complex clinical terms使用複雜的臨床術語提供醫療說明
- CStrictly limiting parental presence to reduce distraction嚴格限制父母探視以減少干擾
- DAllowing the child to choose their preferred snack time✓ 正解允許兒童選擇偏好的點心時間
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
學齡兒童（7-12歲）發展任務在於「勤奮」，重視自主感與控制感。在住院期間提供適度的選擇權（如點心時間），能滿足其自主感，減輕因疾病帶來的無助感。限制家屬會造成分離焦慮；複雜術語會加深恐懼；鼓勵退化行為會阻礙心理發展。
School-age children are developing a sense of industry and autonomy, so providing choices like snack times helps them feel in control and reduces feelings of helplessness. Encouraging regression, using complex medical terms, or restricting parental presence can increase anxiety and hinder healthy psychological development.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院設有兒童生命教育師（Child Life Specialist）；台灣多由護理師兼顧此角色，資源分配較緊張。