— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師為一位有抽菸史的客戶進行健康評估，下列哪項發現對於心血管疾病風險最令人擔憂？
A nurse is conducting a health assessment for a client with a history of smoking. Which finding would be the most concerning regarding the client's risk for cardiovascular disease?
- AHeart rate of 75 beats per minute每分鐘 75 次的心率
- BBlood pressure reading of 150/95 mmHg✓ 正解150/95 mmHg 的血壓讀數
- CBody Mass Index of 2626 的身體質量指數
- DOccasional consumption of red wine偶爾飲用紅酒
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
對於有抽菸史的客戶，高血壓是導致心血管併發症的主要風險因子。150/95 mmHg 屬於第二期高血壓，長期下來會加速動脈粥狀硬化，結合抽菸造成的血管內皮損傷，極易引發心肌梗塞或中風。其他選項如 BMI 26 雖屬過重，但危險性不及高血壓嚴重。
In a client with a history of smoking, a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg is the most concerning finding because stage 2 hypertension significantly accelerates atherosclerosis. This elevated pressure, combined with smoking-induced vascular endothelial damage, greatly increases the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke compared to other risk factors like mild overweight status.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常依據 Framingham 風險評分進行諮詢，台灣臨床較多直接針對血壓數值進行衛教。