一位有氣喘病史的病人正經歷急性發作。護理師應預期給予何種藥物以提供快速的支氣管擴張？
A client with a history of asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation. The nurse should anticipate administering which medication to provide rapid bronchodilation?
- ATheophyllineTheophylline（茶鹼）
- BAlbuterol✓ 正解Albuterol（沙丁胺醇）
- CFluticasoneFluticasone（氟替卡松）
- DMontelukastMontelukast（孟魯司特）
Albuterol 是一種短效乙型受體促效劑（SABA），能快速舒張支氣管平滑肌，是緩解氣喘急性症狀的首選藥物。Fluticasone 為吸入性類固醇，用於抗發炎；Montelukast 為口服白三烯素受體拮抗劑，用於長期控制；Theophylline 為一種支氣管擴張劑，但作用較慢且有較多副作用。
Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that acts rapidly to relax bronchial smooth muscle, making it the first-line medication for relieving acute asthma symptoms. In contrast, fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term inflammation control, montelukast is a maintenance leukotriene modifier, and theophylline has a slower onset and higher side-effect profile unsuitable for immediate rescue.
美國藥局有非處方 albuterol 噴劑；台灣則需醫師處方。