— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
一位 40 歲有乳癌家族史的個案詢問篩檢計畫。護理師應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A 40-year-old client with a family history of breast cancer asks about screening. Which of the following should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AAnnual mammograms starting at age 40✓ 正解從 40 歲開始每年進行乳房攝影檢查
- BGenetic counseling referral✓ 正解轉介基因諮詢
- CMonthly self-breast exams每月進行乳房自我檢查
- DClinical breast exams every 1 to 3 years✓ 正解每 1 至 3 年進行臨床乳房檢查
- EMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if high risk✓ 正解若屬高風險族群則進行磁振造影 (MRI)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
有家族史的個案屬於乳癌高風險群，需更嚴格的監測。除每年乳房攝影 (Mammogram) 外，若家族史顯著，基因諮詢 (Genetic counseling) 是必要的。臨床檢查與 MRI (針對高風險者) 是重要輔助。自我檢查 (BSE) 目前不作為篩檢主力，但仍可作為自我覺察的一部分，雖非醫學篩檢重點，但在臨床指導中常被提及。
Clients with a family history of breast cancer are at higher risk and require enhanced screening protocols. This includes annual mammograms starting at age 40, genetic counseling for hereditary risk assessment, clinical breast exams, and MRI for high-risk individuals to ensure early detection.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國對於高風險個案的 MRI 篩檢普及度較高；台灣乳癌篩檢多從 45 歲開始，有家族史可提前至 40 歲。