— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估一位疑似低血鈣的病人，哪些徵象是其特徵？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client for signs of hypocalcemia. Which signs are characteristic? (Select all that apply.)
- APositive Trousseau's sign✓ 正解Trousseau 徵象陽性
- BPositive Chvostek's sign✓ 正解Chvostek 徵象陽性
- CMuscle spasms and tetany✓ 正解肌肉痙攣與手足搐搦
- DHyperreflexia✓ 正解反射亢進
- EHypoactive bowel sounds腸鳴音減弱
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鈣會增加神經肌肉興奮性，典型徵象包括 Trousseau 徵象（充氣袖帶誘發手抽搐）、Chvostek 徵象（叩擊臉部神經導致面肌抽搐）、肌肉痙攣、抽搐及深層肌腱反射亢進（Hyperreflexia）。腸蠕動通常會亢進而非變慢。
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to characteristic signs such as positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs, muscle spasms, tetany, and hyperreflexia. These symptoms result from the nerve membrane becoming more permeable to sodium ions. Conversely, bowel sounds are typically hyperactive rather than hypoactive in this condition.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美護理師對於低血鈣的理學評估技術要求一致，均需在臨床觀察到這些跡象時立即回報。