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生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一名 45 歲高血壓病史病患主訴劇烈頭痛、視力模糊及噁心,血壓 210/130 mmHg。護理師應優先採取何項措施?

A 45-year-old client with a history of hypertension reports a sudden, severe headache, blurred vision, and nausea. The blood pressure is 210/130 mmHg. Which action is the priority?

  • APlace the client in a semi-Fowler's position
    將病人置於半坐臥位
  • BPrepare to administer IV antihypertensives✓ 正解
    準備給予靜脈抗高血壓藥物
  • CObtain a complete neurological assessment
    進行完整的神經學評估
  • DAdminister an oral antihypertensive medication
    給予口服抗高血壓藥物
Explanation · 中文詳解

此個案呈現高血壓急症(Hypertensive Emergency),目標需在數小時內降低平均動脈壓,以防止器官損害。靜脈給藥(IV)作用快且可精確控制,是目前的首選治療方式。口服藥物吸收慢,無法及時控制緊急狀況;擺位或評估雖重要,但對降低血壓無直接幫助。

The client is experiencing a hypertensive emergency requiring rapid, controlled blood pressure reduction to prevent organ damage. Intravenous antihypertensives are the preferred treatment because they act quickly and allow for precise titration, unlike oral medications which have a slower onset.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國醫護對於高血壓急症的 IV 藥物選擇與滴定有嚴格 Protocol;台灣則多需由醫師評估後,由護理師執行,護理師自主給藥權限較小。

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