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藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ

護理師正為一位癲癇發作的病人靜脈注射苯妥英(Phenytoin)。施藥過程中哪項行動對預防併發症至關重要?

A nurse is administering a dose of phenytoin (Dilantin) intravenously to a client with seizures. Which action is essential to prevent complications during administration?

  • AAdminister the medication as a rapid IV bolus.
    以快速靜脈推注方式給藥
  • BMonitor the client's blood pressure and cardiac rhythm throughout.✓ 正解
    全程監測病人的血壓與心律
  • CFlush the IV line with 5% dextrose before and after administration.
    給藥前後以 5% 葡萄糖液沖洗靜脈管路
  • DUse a small-gauge peripheral needle to ensure slow delivery.
    使用小口徑周邊靜脈針頭以確保緩慢給藥
Explanation · 中文詳解

Phenytoin 的靜脈給藥極具風險,這題考驗的是臨床給藥的高階安全知識。Phenytoin 靜脈注射過快會導致嚴重的低血壓和心律不整(如心搏過緩、傳導阻滯),因此給藥速度嚴禁超過 50 mg/min,且必須全程監測血壓與心電圖(B)。此外,Phenytoin 只能與生理食鹽水(Normal Saline)相容,若與含糖水(如 D5W)混合會產生結晶沉澱,因此選項 C 是錯誤的危險動作。它也具有強鹼性(pH 12),若滲漏會導致組織壞死(紫色手症候群),建議使用粗大靜脈而非小針頭(D)。護理師的角色在於嚴格控速與生命徵象監測,這直接關係到病人的生命安全。

Phenytoin must be administered slowly with continuous cardiac and blood pressure monitoring to prevent severe hypotension and life-threatening arrhythmias. It should never be given as a rapid bolus, mixed with dextrose solutions which cause precipitation, or administered through small-gauge needles due to its caustic nature.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國 NCLEX 考題非常強調藥物相容性(如 Phenytoin 不能配 D5W);台灣醫院多使用預注式或已稀釋好的劑型,但護理師仍需對管路沖洗液的選擇保持高度警覺。

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