— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人被醫囑給予萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注。為預防紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），應採取何種措施？
A client is ordered to receive an infusion of Vancomycin. Which action is necessary to prevent Red Man Syndrome?
- AInfuse the medication over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解以至少60分鐘的時間輸注藥物
- BAdminister the dose as a rapid bolus作為快速推注給藥
- CCheck the client's serum creatinine before infusion在輸注前檢查病人的血清肌酸酐
- DPre-medicate with an opioid analgesic預防性給予類鴉片類鎮痛藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素（Vancomycin）引起的紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）是一種輸注反應，與藥物輸注速度過快導致組織胺釋放有關。主要表現為臉部、頸部及上半身紅腫、搔癢與低血壓。臨床思路應優先考慮「預防勝於治療」，標準預防措施是將輸注時間延長至至少 60 分鐘以上。若發生反應，應減慢或暫停輸注並通知醫師。
Red Man Syndrome is an infusion reaction caused by rapid histamine release, which can be prevented by administering vancomycin slowly over at least 60 minutes. Rapid bolus injections increase the risk of this reaction, while checking creatinine monitors renal function rather than preventing infusion-related histamine release.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床實務對於萬古黴素的輸注時間規範極嚴，護理師需嚴格遵守醫囑的輸注時間，若發生紅人症候群，通常會依據醫囑給予抗組織胺（如 Diphenhydramine）並減慢輸注速度。