— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師衛教病人關於熱衰竭的知識，應請病人回報哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about heat exhaustion. Which symptoms should the nurse advise the client to report? (Select all that apply.)
- AProfuse diaphoresis✓ 正解大量出汗
- BDizziness and lightheadedness✓ 正解頭暈與輕微頭暈感
- CExtreme thirst✓ 正解極度口渴
- DFlushed, hot, dry skin潮紅、燥熱且乾燥的皮膚
- EMuscle cramps✓ 正解肌肉痙攣
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
熱衰竭病人因過度流汗導致水分與電解質流失，典型症狀為大量出汗、頭暈、極度口渴與肌肉痙攣。選項 D 為熱中暑的徵兆，此時皮膚乾燥且體溫極高，與熱衰竭明顯不同。護理師應教導辨識早期症狀，避免演變成危及生命的熱中暑。
Heat exhaustion results from fluid and electrolyte loss, presenting with profuse diaphoresis, dizziness, extreme thirst, and muscle cramps. Clients should be taught to recognize these early signs to prevent progression to heat stroke, which is characterized by hot, dry skin and altered mental status.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣夏季潮濕高溫，熱傷害衛教在戶外活動群體中極為重要，美軍及運動醫學體系對此衛教標準更為嚴謹。