— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
一位病人因 MRSA 感染被開立靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。輸注期間，病人出現臉部與頸部潮紅、心跳過速與搔癢。護理師應做什麼？
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin for a MRSA infection. During the infusion, the client develops flushing, tachycardia, and pruritus of the face and neck. What should the nurse do?
- AContinue the infusion as this is a common side effect繼續輸注，因為這是常見的副作用
- BStop the infusion and notify the physician停止輸注並通知醫師
- CAdminister an antihistamine immediately立即給予抗組織胺
- DSlow the infusion rate✓ 正解減緩輸注速率
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
這是典型的「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome），由萬古黴素輸注過快導致組織胺釋放所致。處理原則為降低輸注速度或暫時停止，待症狀緩解後再以更慢的速度輸注。此非過敏性休克，無需立即停藥或給予抗組織胺作為首選方案。
The nurse should slow the infusion rate, as the symptoms describe Red Man Syndrome, caused by rapid histamine release due to fast vancomycin administration. This reaction is not a true allergy, so stopping the infusion permanently or administering antihistamines as a first line is not required; reducing the rate typically resolves the flushing and tachycardia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地臨床皆採取調整速率原則，但在台灣，護理師通常會先暫停並聯絡醫師確認後再依醫囑調慢速率。