— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備對病人進行氯化鉀靜脈點滴給藥，為了確保安全，下列哪項措施最為關鍵？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenous piggyback (IVPB) to a client. Which action is essential to ensure client safety?
- ACheck the client's blood pressure prior to administration在給藥前檢查病人的血壓
- BEnsure the client has consumed a full meal確保病人已吃完一頓完整的餐點
- CAdminister the infusion via a rapid-push method透過快速推注方式給藥
- DVerify that the medication is diluted✓ 正解確認藥物已稀釋
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀屬於高警訊藥物，靜脈給藥時若濃度過高或推注速度過快，極易引起心律不整甚至心搏停止。絕對禁止直接靜脈推注（IV push），必須經過充分稀釋後並透過輸液幫浦定量給予，並確認管路通暢，避免外滲造成組織壞死。
Diuretics are the primary treatment for fluid overload as they promote the excretion of excess sodium and water, reducing preload and pulmonary congestion. While beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs are used for chronic heart failure management, they do not acutely address fluid retention. Immediate diuresis is necessary to relieve symptoms such as crackles and edema.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院常見預先混合好的點滴袋，台灣醫院護理師常需自行抽藥加入點滴袋中，風險控管壓力較大。