— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師衛教一位新診斷第一型糖尿病的病人。下列哪些症狀需教導病人識別為低血糖？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Which symptoms should the nurse teach the client to identify as hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)
- AShakiness or tremors✓ 正解顫抖或震顫
- BDiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- CBlurred vision✓ 正解視力模糊
- DPolyuria多尿
- EConfusion or irritability✓ 正解意識混亂或易怒
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖症狀由交感神經興奮（震顫、流汗、心悸）與中樞神經缺乏葡萄糖（混亂、視力模糊、 irritability）引起。多尿（Polyuria）為高血糖之特徵，因為滲透性利尿作用，與低血糖相反。病人需熟記這些警訊以便及時補充碳水化合物。
Hypoglycemia triggers sympathetic nervous system responses such as shakiness, diaphoresis, and confusion due to catecholamine release and neuroglycopenia. Polyuria is a symptom of hyperglycemia caused by osmotic diuresis, not hypoglycemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師強調衛教使用 15-15 原則（15g 碳水化合物與 15 分鐘後重新評估）；台灣臨床亦同，但在基層社區衛教可能較少落實結構化追蹤。