— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，下列哪項是優先的安全性預防措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following is a priority safety precaution?
- AVerify the medication is diluted according to facility policy✓ 正解確認藥物已依機構政策稀釋
- BDo not monitor renal function before administration給藥前不需監測腎功能
- CEnsure the IV site is in a small peripheral vein確保靜脈注射部位位於較小的周邊靜脈
- DAdminister via IV push to correct levels quickly以靜脈推注方式給予以快速糾正濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀（Potassium Chloride）是一種高警訊藥物（High-alert medication）。其對血管壁具有高度刺激性，若濃度過高或推注速度過快，會引起嚴重的靜脈炎，更嚴重者會導致心搏驟停（Cardiac arrest）。因此，輸注前必須確保正確稀釋，並依據醫療機構規範進行給藥，監測尿量以確保腎功能足以排泄鉀離子。
Intravenous potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that can cause severe phlebitis or cardiac arrest if administered undiluted or too rapidly. The priority safety measure is ensuring the medication is properly diluted according to facility policy before administration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院對於高警訊藥物（如 Potassium Chloride）有嚴格的雙人核對（Double-check）與稀釋規範，且通常強烈建議透過中央靜脈導管（CVC）輸注，以避免周邊血管炎。