— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師舉辦疫苗可預防疾病的工作坊。關於流感疫苗,下列哪項敘述正確?
A nurse is conducting a workshop on vaccine-preventable diseases. Which statement about the influenza vaccine is correct?
- AIt is contraindicated for individuals with a history of egg allergy有蛋過敏史者為禁忌
- BIt contains live viruses that cause mild flu symptoms含有會引起輕微流感症狀的活病毒
- CIt is recommended annually for most people aged 6 months and older✓ 正解建議 6 個月以上大多數人每年接種
- DIt provides lifelong immunity after one dose接種一劑即可提供終身免疫力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
流感病毒具有極高的抗原漂移(Antigenic Drift)特性,導致其表面抗原不斷變異,使得人體無法對去年的病毒株產生長久免疫力。因此,美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)建議所有 6 個月以上的民眾每年接種流感疫苗,以維持最佳的社區保護力。護理師在衛教時應強調疫苗的安全性,並澄清疫苗無法提供終身免疫,也非引起流感的主因。
Due to antigenic drift, influenza virus strains change annually, preventing long-term immunity from previous infections or vaccinations. Therefore, the CDC recommends annual influenza vaccination for all individuals aged 6 months and older to ensure optimal protection against circulating strains.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國非常強調全面性接種(Universal Vaccination),且社區藥局(如 CVS, Walgreens)提供極為便利的接種服務。台灣則較強調高危險族群,雖近年推動公費對象擴大,但普及程度與美國仍有差異。