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健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師舉辦疫苗可預防疾病的工作坊。關於流感疫苗,下列哪項敘述正確?

A nurse is conducting a workshop on vaccine-preventable diseases. Which statement about the influenza vaccine is correct?

  • AIt is contraindicated for individuals with a history of egg allergy
    有蛋過敏史者為禁忌
  • BIt contains live viruses that cause mild flu symptoms
    含有會引起輕微流感症狀的活病毒
  • CIt is recommended annually for most people aged 6 months and older✓ 正解
    建議 6 個月以上大多數人每年接種
  • DIt provides lifelong immunity after one dose
    接種一劑即可提供終身免疫力
Explanation · 中文詳解

流感病毒具有極高的抗原漂移(Antigenic Drift)特性,導致其表面抗原不斷變異,使得人體無法對去年的病毒株產生長久免疫力。因此,美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)建議所有 6 個月以上的民眾每年接種流感疫苗,以維持最佳的社區保護力。護理師在衛教時應強調疫苗的安全性,並澄清疫苗無法提供終身免疫,也非引起流感的主因。

Due to antigenic drift, influenza virus strains change annually, preventing long-term immunity from previous infections or vaccinations. Therefore, the CDC recommends annual influenza vaccination for all individuals aged 6 months and older to ensure optimal protection against circulating strains.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國非常強調全面性接種(Universal Vaccination),且社區藥局(如 CVS, Walgreens)提供極為便利的接種服務。台灣則較強調高危險族群,雖近年推動公費對象擴大,但普及程度與美國仍有差異。

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