護理師為一位孕婦進行衛教。補充哪種維生素對於預防神經管缺陷至關重要？
A nurse is providing health education to a pregnant woman. Which vitamin supplement is critical to prevent neural tube defects?
- AVitamin B12維生素 B12
- BVitamin E維生素 E
- CFolic acid✓ 正解葉酸
- DVitamin C維生素 C
神經管缺陷（Neural Tube Defects, NTD）如脊柱裂，主要與胚胎發育初期葉酸缺乏有關。葉酸參與 DNA 合成與細胞分裂，對胎兒神經系統發育至關重要。臨床護理師應建議所有育齡婦女，特別是計畫懷孕者，應在受孕前三個月開始補充葉酸，並持續至懷孕初期。這是預防先天性畸形最有效的公共衛生策略之一。
Neural tube defects (NTDs), such as spina bifida, are largely associated with folic acid deficiency during the early stages of embryonic development. Folic acid participates in DNA synthesis and cell division and is essential to fetal neurological development. The clinical nurse should advise all women of childbearing age, particularly those planning pregnancy, to begin folic acid supplementation three months before conception and continue through early pregnancy. This is one of the most effective public health strategies for preventing congenital malformations.