— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正在評估一位患有廣泛性焦慮症的病人，病人主訴感到焦躁不安且無法集中精神。護理師首要採取的介入措施為何？
A nurse is interviewing a client who has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. The client reports feeling restless and unable to concentrate. Which intervention is the most appropriate for the nurse to implement first?
- ATeach the client deep breathing exercises教導病人深呼吸運動
- BAdminister an as-needed antianxiety medication給予按需使用的抗焦慮藥物
- CProvide a quiet and calm environment✓ 正解提供安靜平和的環境
- DEncourage the client to talk about their fears鼓勵病人談論其恐懼
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
面對焦慮症狀，首要原則是降低環境刺激以減輕焦慮源。物理環境的調整能立即提供緩衝，讓病人感到安全，這是後續心理支持或衛教的基礎。腹式呼吸雖有效，但需在環境穩定後執行；探索恐懼需建立信任關係；藥物為輔助選項。
Providing a quiet and calm environment is the first intervention to reduce sensory stimulation and help lower the client's immediate anxiety level. This creates a safe foundation before implementing other strategies like teaching coping skills or exploring underlying fears.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美護理師較常獨立執行環境調整；台灣醫療環境中，護理師通常先調低燈光或降低周邊噪音。