— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · SATA —
護理師為一位 80 歲高齡長者進行健康評估，預期會出現下列哪些狀況？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should a nurse expect when performing a routine health assessment on an 80-year-old client? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecreased skin turgor✓ 正解皮膚彈性減退
- BIncreased production of saliva唾液分泌增加
- CPresbyopia✓ 正解老花眼
- DDecreased sense of smell✓ 正解嗅覺減退
- EHigher core body temperature核心體溫升高
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
80 歲高齡長者的生理評估預期會出現系統性的退化。皮膚因膠原蛋白與彈性纖維流失導致彈性降低（Skin turgor decreased）；水晶體調節力下降導致老花（Presbyopia）；嗅覺與味覺敏感度下降（Decreased sense of smell）會影響食慾與安全。這些均屬於正常的衰老過程。護理師需分辨「生理老化」與「病理變化」，以提供適切的照護。
Normal aging processes include decreased skin turgor due to loss of collagen and elasticity, presbyopia from lens hardening, and a diminished sense of smell from reduced olfactory neurons. These findings are expected physiological changes rather than pathological conditions.