一位 45 歲個案詢問護理師有關皮膚癌的第一級預防策略。下列哪項建議最合適？
A 45-year-old client asks the nurse about primary prevention strategies for skin cancer. Which recommendation is most appropriate?
- ALimit exposure to the sun during early morning hours限制於清晨時段暴露於陽光下
- BSchedule an annual professional skin examination with a dermatologist安排每年一次由皮膚科醫師進行的專業皮膚檢查
- CPerform monthly skin self-examinations to look for changes每月進行皮膚自我檢查以觀察變化
- DUse broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily✓ 正解每日使用廣效性防曬乳，SPF 30 或更高
第一級預防的目的是預防疾病發生。防曬（如 SPF 30+ 防曬乳、遮陽帽、避免正午日曬）能直接阻隔紫外線對皮膚的傷害，從而預防皮膚癌。C 和 B 屬於第二級預防（篩檢/早期偵測），A 則是誤導，因為中午前後（上午 10 點至下午 4 點）才是紫外線最強烈的時候，應避免此時段曝曬，而非清晨。
The purpose of primary prevention is to prevent disease occurrence. Sun protection (such as SPF 30+ sunscreen, wide-brimmed hats, and avoiding midday sun) directly blocks ultraviolet damage to the skin and thereby prevents skin cancer. Options C and B represent secondary prevention (screening/early detection), and A is misleading because the strongest UV exposure occurs around midday (10 AM to 4 PM); these hours should be avoided, not early morning.
台美皆強調防曬觀念，但美國護理師常主導社區衛教專案，台灣多以醫師門診諮詢或公共衛生宣導活動為主。