— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師針對急性氣喘發作的病人應執行哪些護理措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions should a nurse implement for a client experiencing an acute asthma attack? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister short-acting beta-agonists✓ 正解給予短效型乙型交感神經刺激劑
- BPosition the client in high-Fowler’s✓ 正解將病人置於高福勒氏體位
- CAdminister systemic corticosteroids✓ 正解給予全身性皮質類固醇
- DPerform chest physiotherapy執行胸部物理治療
- EProvide supplemental oxygen✓ 正解提供補充性氧氣
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性氣喘需快速擴張支氣管並減輕炎症。短效型支氣管擴張劑（SABA）是首選，系統性類固醇則用於抑制發炎反應，高半坐臥位（High-Fowler’s）有利於肺部擴張，給氧則確保氧飽和度維持在適當範圍。胸腔物理治療（Chest PT）在氣喘急性發作時會增加呼吸困難與支氣管痙攣，故不建議執行。
Clostridioides difficile produces spores that are resistant to alcohol-based hand sanitizers and standard cleaning methods. Therefore, contact precautions are required to prevent transmission via contaminated surfaces and hands. Healthcare providers must wash hands with soap and water to physically remove spores, as standard or airborne precautions are insufficient for this pathogen.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫護對於 SABA 與類固醇的使用非常積極，台灣則視臨床指引，但兩者皆認為急性期不應進行拍痰等物理治療。