護理師正在為一位有強烈第 2 型糖尿病家族史的個案提供健康促進衛教。哪項實驗室結果最能顯示「前期糖尿病」？
A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to a client with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes. Which laboratory result would be most indicative of 'prediabetes'?
- AFasting blood glucose of 90 mg/dL空腹血糖 90 mg/dL
- BRandom blood glucose of 140 mg/dL隨機血糖 140 mg/dL
- CTwo-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of 130 mg/dL兩小時口服葡萄糖耐受試驗 (OGTT) 130 mg/dL
- DHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 6.0%✓ 正解糖化血色素 (HbA1c) 6.0%
前期糖尿病（Prediabetes）是指血糖水平高於正常但尚未達到糖尿病診斷標準的狀態。這是第 2 型糖尿病（Type 2 diabetes）發展的重要警示階段，若不加以干預，許多個案會進展為糖尿病。核心概念是了解前期糖尿病的診斷標準，以便早期識別高風險個案並提供健康促進衛教。護理師在為有強烈家族史的個案提供衛教時，應著重於解釋這些實驗室結果的意義，並強調生活型態干預（如飲食控制和運動）的重要性。臨床思路應引導個案進行定期追蹤，並鼓勵他們積極採取健康生活方式，以延緩或預防第 2 型糖尿病的發生。
Prediabetes refers to blood glucose levels higher than normal but not high enough to meet the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. It is a critical warning stage for the development of type 2 diabetes, and without intervention many clients progress to overt diabetes. Knowing the diagnostic criteria allows early identification of high-risk clients and delivery of health-promotion teaching. The nurse should explain the meaning of these lab results and stress lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise. Routine follow-up and adoption of healthy lifestyle habits help delay or prevent progression to type 2 diabetes.
前期糖尿病的診斷標準（包括 HbA1c、空腹血糖和 OGTT 的切點值）在美國與台灣是高度一致的，主要遵循世界衛生組織（WHO）和美國糖尿病協會（ADA）的國際指南。兩地的護理師在健康促進衛教中，都會利用這些標準來識別高風險個案，並提供生活型態干預的建議。