— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
對於接受靜脈注射氯化鉀的病人，下列哪些介入是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client receiving IV Potassium chloride? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse an infusion pump✓ 正解使用輸注幫浦
- BMonitor infusion site for redness or pain✓ 正解監測輸注部位是否有紅腫或疼痛
- CAdminister IV push for rapid correction為快速糾正而進行靜脈推注
- DVerify patient's urine output before starting✓ 正解開始前確認病人的尿量
- EDilute the concentration correctly per hospital policy✓ 正解依醫院規定正確稀釋濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀為高警訊藥物，嚴禁 IV push（推注），因為過高鉀濃度會直接導致心跳停止。必須使用輸注泵浦確保滴速，給藥前需確保尿量正常以利鉀離子代謝。因其具強烈刺激性，需確保濃度稀釋正確並監測注射部位是否有外滲徵兆。
Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication; IV push administration is strictly contraindicated because an excessively high potassium concentration can directly cause cardiac arrest. An infusion pump must be used to ensure the rate, and adequate urine output must be confirmed before initiation to allow renal excretion of potassium. Because the drug is highly irritating, the concentration must be correctly diluted and the infusion site monitored for signs of extravasation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地對於氯化鉀皆有極嚴格的給藥規範，此為護理藥物安全的重點項目。