針對顱內壓（ICP）升高的病人，下列哪些處置是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client with Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain head of bed at 30 degrees✓ 正解將床頭抬高30度
- BEncourage the client to cough and deep breathe鼓勵病人咳嗽並深呼吸
- CMaintain the neck in a neutral position✓ 正解維持頸部中立位置
- DPerform cluster care to minimize interruptions集中執行護理工作以減少干擾
- EAdminister stool softeners as ordered✓ 正解依醫囑給予軟便劑
顱內壓（Intracranial Pressure, ICP）升高的護理核心目標在於維持腦灌流壓（CPP）及減少任何可能導致壓力驟升的因素。護理師應採取降低顱內靜脈鬱血的姿勢，並預防任何會引起 Valsalva 動作（閉氣用力）的行為，因為這些動作會瞬間顯著增加胸內壓，進而阻礙腦部靜脈回流，使 ICP 進一步升高。
The core nursing goals when intracranial pressure (ICP) is elevated are to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and to avoid any factor that may cause a sudden rise in ICP. The nurse should position the patient to reduce intracranial venous congestion and prevent any activity that elicits a Valsalva maneuver (breath-holding and straining), because such actions transiently and significantly increase intrathoracic pressure, impeding cerebral venous return and further raising ICP.