護理師指導病人服用癲癇藥物苯妥英（Phenytoin）。應包含哪些衛教內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about the use of phenytoin for seizure management. Which of the following instructions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform thorough oral hygiene with a soft-bristled toothbrush✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷進行徹底口腔清潔
- BStop the medication immediately if a rash develops若出現皮疹立即停止用藥
- CMaintain a consistent schedule to avoid breakthrough seizures✓ 正解維持固定用藥時間以避免突破性發作
- DMonitor for signs of gum hypertrophy✓ 正解監測牙齦肥大的徵象
- EAvoid sudden discontinuation of the drug✓ 正解避免突然停用藥物
苯妥英常見副作用為齒齦增生（Gingival hyperplasia），故口腔清潔極為重要。治療期間必須維持穩定血中濃度，不可自行停藥以免引起癲癇重積狀態。若出現皮疹，通常代表藥物過敏，需儘速諮詢醫師，但不建議病人「自行」馬上完全停止而不通知醫師，但由於選項 B 提及「立即停藥」且未提及尋求醫療協助，在 NCLEX 邏輯中應謹慎評估，通常建議聯繫醫師。
A common adverse effect of phenytoin is gingival hyperplasia, so oral hygiene is extremely important. During treatment, a stable serum drug level must be maintained, and the client must not stop the medication abruptly to avoid status epilepticus. If a rash appears, it typically indicates drug hypersensitivity and the prescriber should be contacted promptly; however, it is not advisable for the client to discontinue the drug entirely on their own without notifying the provider. Because option B states 'discontinue the medication immediately' without mentioning seeking medical assistance, NCLEX reasoning requires cautious evaluation, and the recommendation is typically to contact the physician.
台灣病人對於藥物衛教的依從性通常較高，但對於口腔副作用的注意程度不如美國護理系統強調。