— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
以下哪些病人患有醫療照護相關感染 (HAI) 的風險最高？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following clients are at highest risk for developing a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client with an indwelling urinary catheter✓ 正解留置導尿管的病人
- BA client who is 2 days postoperative from a knee replacement✓ 正解膝關節置換術後兩天的病人
- CA client with a central venous access device✓ 正解擁有中心靜脈導管的病人
- DA client who is receiving chemotherapy✓ 正解接受化學治療的病人
- EA client admitted for observation after a minor concussion因輕微腦震盪入院觀察的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
醫療照護相關感染（Healthcare-Associated Infection, HAI），也稱為院內感染，是指病人在醫療機構中接受照護時獲得的感染。這些感染通常與侵入性醫療處置、免疫力低下或皮膚黏膜屏障受損有關。了解哪些病人處於高風險，是護理師實施感染預防措施的基礎。侵入性裝置（如導管）、手術傷口和免疫功能受損是導致 HAI 的主要危險因素。透過識別這些高風險群體，護理師可以更有效地規劃並執行感染控制措施，以保護病人安全。
Healthcare-associated infections are often linked to invasive devices, surgical wounds, or compromised immune systems. Clients with indwelling catheters, recent surgeries, central venous lines, or those undergoing chemotherapy are at high risk due to breached barriers or immunosuppression.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國積極推行「Bundle Care」以降低 HAI；台灣亦有導入組合式照護，但各院落實程度不一。