護理師準備對 MRSA 病人輸注 Vancomycin 1g。為預防「紅人症候群」，最正確的執行方式為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer Vancomycin 1g IV to a client with MRSA. What is the most appropriate action to prevent Red Man Syndrome?
- AEnsure the medication is refrigerated until the moment of administration確保藥物在施用前一直冷藏
- BFlush the IV line with 20 mL of normal saline before the dose在給藥前以 20 mL 生理食鹽水沖洗靜脈通路
- CPre-medicate the client with diphenhydramine事先給予病人苯海拉明（diphenhydramine）
- DAdminister the infusion over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少於 60 分鐘內完成靜脈滴注
紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）是萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注過快導致組織胺（Histamine）大量釋放的類過敏反應，並非真正的免疫過敏。其特徵是上半身皮膚潮紅、搔癢、低血壓等。預防措施的核心在於「減慢輸注速度」，標準臨床要求 Vancomycin 輸注時間必須至少 60 分鐘，以避免藥物濃度在短時間內飆升。
Red Man Syndrome is an anaphylactoid reaction caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin leading to massive histamine release; it is not a true immunologic allergy. It is characterized by flushing of the upper body, pruritus, and hypotension. The cornerstone of prevention is slowing the infusion rate, and the standard clinical requirement is that vancomycin be infused over at least 60 minutes to avoid an abrupt rise in serum drug concentration.