護理師在進行皮下注射肝素 (Heparin) 時，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions should the nurse take when administering subcutaneous heparin? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防組織損傷
- BMassage the site vigorously after injection注射後用力按摩注射部位
- CCheck the client's PTT levels before administration給藥前檢查病人的 PTT 數值
- DInject at a 45-to-90-degree angle✓ 正解以 45 至 90 度角注射
- EAspirate before injecting the medication注射藥物前先抽吸
肝素注射應選擇腹部皮下組織，注射角度可採 45-90 度視皮下脂肪厚度而定。嚴禁按摩注射部位以免造成血腫或組織損傷；亦不建議抽回血（aspirate）以免造成皮下微血管損傷及血腫。給藥前若為預防性給藥則無須例行性測 PTT。
Heparin injections should be given into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen. The injection angle may be 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the thickness of the subcutaneous fat. Massaging the injection site is strictly contraindicated to avoid hematoma or tissue damage, and aspiration before injection is also not recommended, since it may damage subcutaneous capillaries and cause hematoma. For prophylactic dosing, routine PTT monitoring is not required prior to administration.
美台護理教育對於肝素注射不按摩的觀念一致，但臨床對於是否抽回血的執行習慣有時會有舊制殘留。