— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些藥物適用於術後急性疼痛的管理？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following medications are considered appropriate for managing acute pain in a post-operative client? (Select all that apply.)
- AMorphine sulfate✓ 正解硫酸嗎啡
- BHydromorphone✓ 正解氫嗎啡酮
- CAcetaminophen✓ 正解乙醯胺酚
- DAspirin阿斯匹靈
- EFentanyl✓ 正解芬太尼
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術後急性疼痛通常採用多模式止痛（Multimodal Analgesia），包含鴉片類藥物（嗎啡、氫嗎啡酮、芬太尼）與非鴉片類藥物（乙醯胺酚）。Aspirin 因為具有抗血小板凝集功能，在術後出血風險未排除前通常不作為術後止痛首選，故不適合用於術後常規管理。
Acute postoperative pain is typically managed using multimodal analgesia, which includes opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl) and non-opioid agents (acetaminophen). Aspirin, because of its antiplatelet effect, is generally not chosen as a first-line postoperative analgesic before the bleeding risk has been excluded, and is therefore not suitable for routine postoperative management.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國使用藥物名稱與規格較統一；台灣對術後鴉片類藥物使用有嚴格的管制藥品管理法規範，護理師給藥需落實嚴謹的雙重核對。