— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人正在接受萬古黴素（Vancomycin）靜脈輸注。下列哪些徵象顯示可能出現「紅人症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A client is receiving vancomycin IV. Which assessment findings indicate potential 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解面部和頸部潮紅
- CPruritus✓ 正解皮膚搔癢
- DRespiratory distress呼吸困難
- EGeneralized urticaria全身性蕁麻疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因輸注過快導致組織胺大量釋放。臨床表現為臉部、頸部與上軀幹潮紅、低血壓與皮膚癢。D（呼吸窘迫）與 E（全身蕁麻疹）通常為嚴重的過敏反應（Anaphylaxis），非紅人症候群之特徵。處理原則為暫停輸注，待症狀改善後調慢輸注速率。
Red Man Syndrome is caused by massive histamine release due to rapid infusion. Clinical manifestations include flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso, hypotension, and pruritus. Options D (respiratory distress) and E (generalized urticaria) are typically seen in true anaphylaxis rather than in Red Man Syndrome. Management consists of stopping the infusion and, once symptoms improve, restarting the infusion at a slower rate.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆建議若出現紅人症候群應停止輸注，但國內部分醫療院所針對此現象的抗組織胺預防使用較為謹慎。