一位第二型糖尿病病人因高血糖和脫水入院。護理師應優先執行哪項措施？
A client with type 2 diabetes is admitted with hyperglycemia and dehydration. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
- AAdminister oral hypoglycemic agents給予口服降血糖藥物
- BEducate the client on diet modifications教育病人飲食調整
- CMonitor blood glucose levels every 4 hours每 4 小時監測血糖
- DAdminister intravenous fluids✓ 正解給予靜脈輸液
高血糖合併脫水時，病人處於高滲透壓狀態（Hyperosmolar state），體液流失是導致病情惡化的主要原因。靜脈輸液（IV fluids）不僅能快速補充循環血量，改善組織灌流，還能稀釋血液中的葡萄糖濃度，協助腎臟排泄多餘的糖分。在恢復體液平衡之前，給予口服藥物的效果極差，且病人可能有噁心嘔吐風險，優先補充體液是復甦的第一步。
When hyperglycemia is accompanied by dehydration, the client is in a hyperosmolar state, and fluid loss is the principal driver of deterioration. Intravenous fluids not only rapidly restore circulating volume and improve tissue perfusion, but also dilute the blood glucose and help the kidneys excrete excess glucose. Until fluid balance is restored, oral medications are poorly effective, and the client may be at risk of nausea and vomiting; therefore, fluid resuscitation is the first step in management.