護理師照護一位急性腎損傷 (AKI) 病人。下列哪些發現提示病情惡化？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which findings indicate that the client's condition is worsening? (Select all that apply.)
- AUrine output increases from 20 mL/hr to 50 mL/hr尿量從每小時 20 mL 增加到 50 mL
- BSerum potassium level increases from 5.0 mEq/L to 6.5 mEq/L✓ 正解血清鉀濃度從 5.0 mEq/L 增加到 6.5 mEq/L
- CBlood pressure decreases from 130/80 mmHg to 100/60 mmHg✓ 正解血壓從 130/80 mmHg 下降到 100/60 mmHg
- DClient reports decreased fatigue病人報告疲倦感減少
- EBUN level decreases from 60 mg/dL to 40 mg/dLBUN 濃度從 60 mg/dL 下降到 40 mg/dL
急性腎損傷（AKI）導致代謝廢物累積與電解質失衡。血鉀升高（Hyperkalemia）是 AKI 最致命的併發症之一，因為高血鉀會引發嚴重的心律不整甚至心跳停止。血壓下降則可能反映腎灌流不足或低血容狀態，這會進一步損害腎功能。護理師需密切監測這些關鍵指標，以防止病情惡化引發生命危險。尿量改善、BUN 下降通常表示腎功能正在恢復，而非惡化。
Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to accumulation of metabolic wastes and electrolyte imbalances. Hyperkalemia is one of the most lethal complications of AKI, as elevated potassium can precipitate severe arrhythmias or even cardiac arrest. A decreasing blood pressure may reflect renal hypoperfusion or hypovolemia, which can further damage renal function. The nurse must closely monitor these key parameters to prevent life-threatening deterioration. Improvement in urine output and decreasing BUN generally indicate recovery rather than worsening renal function.