護理師為需要「機械軟食」（Mechanical Soft Diet）的病人規劃餐點，應包含哪些項目？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client who requires a mechanical soft diet. Which food items should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AMashed potatoes✓ 正解馬鈴薯泥
- BGround meat✓ 正解絞肉
- CWhole cooked carrots整顆燴煮胡蘿蔔
- DScrambled eggs✓ 正解炒蛋
- ESteamed white rice✓ 正解蒸白飯
機械軟食（mechanical soft diet）適用於「咀嚼能力受損」但吞嚥功能正常者（如牙齒脫落、口腔術後、輕度失智長者）。重點是把食物質地調整為無需費力咀嚼即可吞嚥；包含馬鈴薯泥、絞肉、炒蛋、蒸熟白飯。注意：若病人有吞嚥困難（dysphagia），應改用更嚴格的 dysphagia diet 並依 IDDSI 分級調整食物質地（如以粥或軟飯取代乾米飯）。全顆胡蘿蔔即使煮熟仍具韌性與粗纖維，可能造成窒息風險，應切碎或泥化才合適。
A mechanical soft diet is appropriate for clients with impaired chewing but intact swallowing (for example, those with tooth loss, post-oral surgery, or mild dementia). The focus is on modifying food texture so that little chewing is needed in order to swallow safely; appropriate items include mashed potatoes, ground meat, scrambled eggs, and steamed white rice. Note: if the client also has dysphagia, a stricter dysphagia diet should be used and food textures adjusted according to IDDSI levels (for example, replacing dry rice with congee or soft rice). Whole cooked carrots remain firm and contain coarse fiber even after cooking, posing a choking risk, and should be chopped or pureed.
在美國，機械軟食（Mechanical Soft）與純泥飲食（Pureed Diet）定義非常明確。臨床上護理師需與語言治療師（Speech-Language Pathologist, SLP）密切合作，根據病人的吞嚥評估報告（如 IDDSI 標準）決定質地，這在美國是非常嚴格的跨專業照護流程。