護理師正在向一群老年人講解肺炎鏈球菌疫苗。護理師應包含下列哪項說法？
The nurse is educating a group of older adults about the pneumococcal vaccine. Which statement should the nurse include?
- AYou should wait until you are 75 years old to get this vaccine.你應該等到 75 歲才接種這種疫苗。
- BThe vaccine is required every year, similar to the flu shot.這種疫苗需要每年接種，就像流感疫苗一樣。
- CThe vaccine is only recommended for individuals with chronic lung disease.這種疫苗僅建議患有慢性肺病的人接種。
- DAdults age 65 and older should receive the vaccine to prevent pneumonia and its complications.✓ 正解65 歲及以上的成人應接種此疫苗以預防肺炎及其併發症。
肺炎是 65 歲以上長者重要的死亡原因之一，肺炎鏈球菌疫苗是關鍵的健康促進措施。CDC 建議所有 65 歲及以上成人接種，現行指引通常採用 PCV15/PCV20 或 PCV13 + PPSV23 組合（依既往接種史與風險而定）。選項 B 錯誤：肺炎鏈球菌疫苗不像流感疫苗每年接種；選項 C 錯誤：即使沒有慢性病，年齡本身即為高風險因素；選項 A 錯誤：65 歲就應接種以避免在 65-75 歲高風險窗口期暴露。疫苗能有效預防侵襲性肺炎與敗血症，大幅降低住院與死亡率。
Pneumonia is a major cause of death in adults aged 65 and older, and the pneumococcal vaccine is a key health-promotion measure. The CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for all adults aged 65 and older; current guidelines typically use either PCV15/PCV20 alone or PCV13 followed by PPSV23 (depending on prior vaccination history and risk factors). Option B is incorrect: pneumococcal vaccine is not administered annually like the influenza vaccine. Option C is incorrect: even without chronic disease, age itself is a high-risk factor. Option A is incorrect: vaccination should begin at age 65 to avoid leaving the 65-to-75 high-risk window unprotected. The vaccine effectively prevents invasive pneumococcal disease and sepsis, substantially reducing hospitalization and mortality.
美國 CDC 針對 65 歲以上有詳細的 PCV/PPSV 序列建議；台灣國健署則提供 71 歲以上（部分縣市下修至 65 歲）免費接種 23 價疫苗，護理師需確認當地補助政策。