一位護理師正在照護患有厭食症的個案。下列哪些發現支持該診斷?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is working with a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which findings support the diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)
- AIntense fear of gaining weight對體重增加的強烈恐懼正確答案
- BRefusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight拒絕維持最低限度的正常體重正確答案
- CRecurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging反覆出現的暴飲暴食後緊隨 purge(清除)行為
- DDistorted body image扭曲的身體意象正確答案
- EAmenorrhea in post-menarchal females已初潮女性之閉經正確答案
- A對體重增加的強烈恐懼
- B拒絕維持最低限度的正常體重
- D扭曲的身體意象
- E已初潮女性之閉經
神經性厭食症(Anorexia Nervosa)的核心病理特徵包括持續限制能量攝取、極度恐懼體重增加,以及嚴重的身體形象扭曲。臨床上,病人的體重通常低於正常標準(BMI < 17.5 或低於預期的 85%)。選項 E 的閉經是由於體脂肪過低導致下視丘-腦下垂體-性腺軸功能抑制,是厭食症的常見生理表徵。選項 C 是暴食症(Bulimia Nervosa)的典型特徵,雖厭食症有時會並存暴食行為,但這並非診斷厭食症的核心標準。在護理評估時,應全面檢視病人的認知扭曲、營養狀態與內分泌代謝狀況,並在治療過程中密切監測心律不整等致命併發症,這是精神科病房照護的首要安全目標。
- A · 正確答案對體重增加的強烈恐懼
對體重增加的強烈恐懼是此類疾病的認知核心,即便體重已過輕,病人仍會執著於減重。
- B · 正確答案拒絕維持最低限度的正常體重
持續拒絕維持正常體重是診斷標準之一,這是評估營養不良與生理風險的重要指標。
- C反覆出現的暴飲暴食後緊隨 purge(清除)行為
這是暴食症的典型表現,雖然厭食症病人可能有淨化行為,但此選項並非厭食症的核心診斷標準。
- D · 正確答案扭曲的身體意象
病人即使骨瘦如柴,仍會認為自己肥胖,這種認知扭曲極難透過單純的說服來改善。
- E · 正確答案已初潮女性之閉經
長期低體重導致內分泌失調,月經週期停止是身體發出的嚴重警訊,顯示生理功能已處於衰竭邊緣。
在美國,這類病人常由跨專業團隊(Psychiatrist, Dietitian, Nurse)照護,強調家庭治療;在台灣,此類病人常因嚴重的身體併發症(如低鉀血症)先送至內外科病房,護理重點轉向生理監測。
English explanation
The core pathological features of anorexia nervosa include persistent restriction of energy intake, an intense fear of weight gain, and severe distortion of body image. Clinically, patients typically have a body weight below normal (BMI < 17.5 or less than 85% of expected). The amenorrhea described in Option E reflects suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis caused by extremely low body fat and is a common physiological manifestation of anorexia. Option C describes the classic pattern of bulimia nervosa; although anorexia may occasionally coexist with binge eating, this is not a core diagnostic criterion for anorexia. In nursing assessment, the nurse should comprehensively evaluate cognitive distortions, nutritional status, and endocrine-metabolic findings, and closely monitor for life-threatening complications such as arrhythmias—this is the foremost safety priority on a psychiatric unit.
最近修訂:2026-09-30