一位護理師正在照護患有厭食症的客戶。下列哪些發現支持該診斷？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is working with a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which findings support the diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)
- AIntense fear of gaining weight✓ 正解對體重增加的強烈恐懼
- BRefusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight✓ 正解拒絕維持最低限度的正常體重
- CRecurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging反覆出現的暴飲暴食後緊隨 purge（清除）行為
- DDistorted body image✓ 正解扭曲的身體意象
- EAmenorrhea in post-menarchal females✓ 正解已初潮女性之閉經
神經性厭食症（Anorexia Nervosa）的核心病理特徵包括持續限制能量攝取、極度恐懼體重增加，以及嚴重的身體形象扭曲。臨床上，病人的體重通常低於正常標準（BMI < 17.5 或低於預期的 85%）。選項 E 的閉經是由於體脂肪過低導致下視丘-腦下垂體-性腺軸功能抑制，是厭食症的常見生理表徵。選項 C 是暴食症（Bulimia Nervosa）的典型特徵，雖厭食症有時會並存暴食行為，但這並非診斷厭食症的核心標準。在護理評估時，應全面檢視病人的認知扭曲、營養狀態與內分泌代謝狀況，並在治療過程中密切監測心律不整等致命併發症，這是精神科病房照護的首要安全目標。
The core pathological features of anorexia nervosa include persistent restriction of energy intake, an intense fear of weight gain, and severe distortion of body image. Clinically, patients typically have a body weight below normal (BMI < 17.5 or less than 85% of expected). The amenorrhea described in Option E reflects suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis caused by extremely low body fat and is a common physiological manifestation of anorexia. Option C describes the classic pattern of bulimia nervosa; although anorexia may occasionally coexist with binge eating, this is not a core diagnostic criterion for anorexia. In nursing assessment, the nurse should comprehensively evaluate cognitive distortions, nutritional status, and endocrine-metabolic findings, and closely monitor for life-threatening complications such as arrhythmias—this is the foremost safety priority on a psychiatric unit.
在美國，這類病人常由跨專業團隊（Psychiatrist, Dietitian, Nurse）照護，強調家庭治療；在台灣，此類病人常因嚴重的身體併發症（如低鉀血症）先送至內外科病房，護理重點轉向生理監測。