護理師正在進行輸血。在輸血的前 15 分鐘內,護理師應至少每隔多久監測一次病人的生命徵象?
A nurse is administering a blood transfusion. What is the minimum frequency the nurse should monitor the client's vital signs during the first 15 minutes?
- AEvery 30 minutes每30分鐘
- BEvery 5 minutes✓ 正解每5分鐘
- CEvery 15 minutes每15分鐘
- DOnce at the end of the 15 minutes在15分鐘結束時一次
輸血是一項常見但具有潛在風險的醫療處置,可能引發各種輸血反應,從輕微的發燒到危及生命的過敏性休克或溶血反應。這些反應往往在輸血初期即發生。因此,護理師在輸血過程中密切監測病人的生命徵象,特別是在輸血開始後的關鍵前15分鐘,是確保病人安全、及早發現並介入處理輸血反應的首要措施。監測頻率的設定是基於臨床經驗和對輸血反應發作時間的理解,旨在提供最及時的安全性保障。
Blood transfusion is a common procedure but carries potential risk, including reactions that range from mild fever to life-threatening anaphylaxis or hemolysis. These reactions most often occur early in the transfusion. Therefore, close monitoring of the client's vital signs, especially during the critical first 15 minutes, is the nurse's primary safeguard for detecting and intervening in transfusion reactions promptly. The frequency of monitoring is based on clinical experience and the typical timing of transfusion reactions, and is designed to provide the most immediate safety net.
在台灣和美國,輸血監測的臨床指引均強調在輸血開始的前 15 分鐘進行密切監測。美國輸血醫學會(AABB)建議在輸血開始前、開始後 15 分鐘以及輸血結束時監測生命徵象,並視病人情況和醫療機構政策決定中間的監測頻率。許多美國機構會要求在最初 15 分鐘內每 5 分鐘監測一次,以確保極早期反應的即時發現。台灣的輸血規範也類似,強調初期頻繁監測。因此,此題的臨床實踐在兩地具有高度一致性。