護理師進行病人風險評估。下列哪些因子會增加感染風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a risk assessment for a client. Which factors increase the risk of infection? (Select all that apply.)
- AChronic stress✓ 正解慢性壓力
- BAdequate nutrition營養充足
- CAdvanced age✓ 正解高齡
- DUse of immunosuppressive therapy✓ 正解使用免疫抑制療法
- EFrequent hand washing頻繁洗手
感染控制的核心在於維持宿主的免疫防禦機制並阻斷傳播途徑。慢性壓力會導致皮質醇（Cortisol）分泌增加，進而抑制免疫反應；高齡常伴隨免疫系統老化（Immunosenescence）；免疫抑制治療（如化療、類固醇）則會直接削弱機體的抗感染能力。護理師應透過評估這些因子，識別高風險病人並執行嚴格的無菌技術或保護性隔離。
Infection control centers on preserving the host's immune defenses and interrupting routes of transmission. Chronic stress increases cortisol secretion, which in turn suppresses the immune response; advanced age is often accompanied by immunosenescence; and immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, corticosteroids) directly weakens the body's ability to fight infection. By assessing these factors, the nurse can identify high-risk clients and implement strict aseptic technique or protective isolation as appropriate.